Pouncing machine



Jan. 11, 1938. P, SCHULTZ: 2,105,130

POUNCING'MAGHINE Filed Feb. 9, 1955 s Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR 6101 Joe 0472f 27% M4424; v I

TORNEYS.

Jan. 11, 1938. P. SCHULTZE POUNCING MACHINE Filed Feb. 9, 1935 INVENTOR 6404 50/0472 5 BY 29M da /2mm ATTORNEY5.

P. scHuLTz POUNCING MACHINE Jan. 11, 1938.

Filed Feb. 9, 1935 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 N Q INVENTOR 5104 5C ATTORNEYS.

. -5 Figure 9,is'an" enlarged sectional plan view of f column,-generally indicated at 5.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE rormcmc MACHINE Paul Schultze, Danbury; Com, assignor John C. Duran, doing business as Doran Brothers, Danbury, Conn.

Application February 9, 1935-, Serial No. 5,757 63 Claims. (CL 2223-20) This invention relates to machines for finishing the tool assembly drive taken along the line 9-9 or sandpapering hat bodies. of Figure 7;

One of the objects of this invention is' to pro- Figure 10 is a diagrammatic elevation showing duce a machine for finishing hat bodies which Y the several valves, cylinders and pipe connections 5 is characterized by simplicity of construction, therebetween which constitute the hydraulic 5 eflicient operation, sturdiness and durability drive of the machine; under extended use. Another object is to provide 1 Figure 11 is an enlarged diagrammatic sectional a machine of the above nature which is, inexelevation of the direction control valve;

pensive to manufacture, inexpensive to operate Figure 12 is an enlarged sectional elevation of 1 and which maybe readily operated by unskilled the metering valve taken along the line l2--I2 of 10 labor. i v Figure-2; Another Object is to p de a i e f he Figure 13 is an enlarged fragmentary elevation above nature wherein gearing is reduced to a showing the cam and lever whichpperate the minimum and wherein several of the operating metering valve;

parts are actuated hydraulically. c. Figure 14 is a diagrammatic view indicating 1 Another b t i o P v a hine of the successive positions of the tool with respect to the above nature whereby hat bodies of unusual hat block;

depth may be finished. Figure 15 is an enlarged elevation of the cam Another object is to provide a machine of the which controls the metering valve, successive 1 above nature whereby the' flnishing or pouncing positions being indicated thereon in coincidence 20 of oval hat bodies is rapidly and emciently conwith the tool positions shown in Figure 14; summated. t Figure 16 is a perspective view of the cam which Other objects will be in part apparent and in controls the positions of the tool with respect to part pointed out hereinafter. the axis of the hat block, successive portions of Accordingly,;the invention consists in thefeathe cam being indicated to coincide with the tool- 25 tures of construction, combination of elements, positions in Figure 14;

and arrangement of parts, all as will be illustra- Figure 1'7 is a development of the cam shown tively set forth in the following description, and in Figure 16;

the scope of the application of which will be in- Figure 18 is a side elevation of the machine 1 'dicated in the appended claims. having a modified head construction preferably 30 In the accompanying drawings, for the accommodation of oval hat shapes, some Figure l is a side elevation of the machine; f the parts shown in Figure 2 being omitted; Figure -2 is a front elevation of the machine Figure 19 is an enlarged vertical sectional elehaving a portion of-the hat body support broken vation of the head of the machine in Figure 18; away; l Figure 20 is a sectional elevation taken along 5 t Figure 3 is a side elevation partly in section the line 20-20 in Figure showing a portion of the column of the machine Figure 21 is a sectional elevation taken along which houses the main driving motor and oil the line 2|2| in Figure 19; pump; 1 Figure 22 is a sectional elevation taken alon Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the line 22-22 in Figure 19; and 40 the hydraulic head taken along the line 4-4 of 'Flgure 23 is a sectional Plan View of the modi- Figure fled head control taken along the line 2323 in Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional elevation of a Figure h i detent associated with the clutch shaft shown in Similar reference characters. refer to similar Figure parts throughout the several views of the draw- 45 Figurefi is an enlarged sectional elevation "of a F v portion of the chuck which supports the hat body g g fi fifg i'z ggsg iigfli figg 3 $2 .21 $53351? b block taken along the 66 tionsof a pouncing tool, generally indicated at 2, f0 F 'Flgure n enlarged sectlmal elevation of hat block I; as will be more fully described hereh tool m i inafter. Hat block I is mounted on a shaitor Figure 8 I n n ar ed h tal Sectwnal spindle 3 driven through suitable belts and pulleys view taken along the line 8-8 of Figure '7;- by a motor 4 which is housed in the machine this tool having various motions in relation to two hydraulically actuated pistons. Thus, in.

As is more clearly shown in Figure 3, motor 4 also drives a gear pump 6 conveniently mounted in the casing 5, gear pump 6 being suitably connected to various control valves whereby fluid under pressure is directed to one or the other of Figure 1, a lower piston, generally indicated at 1 and mounted on column 5, isactuated to rotate an assembly, generally indicated at- 8, whereby pouncing tool 2 mounted thereupon travels about hat block I in an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the hat block. An up-' per piston, generally indicated at 9 (Figures 1 and 4) and mounted on the head of the machine, is actuated by the fluid under pressure from the oil pump to impart axial movement to spindle 3, this movement, however, preferably not being imparted to spindle 3 until the movement of tool 2 about hat block I has ceased, all as will be more fully described hereinafter.

Referring now to Figures 1 and 4, hat block I is secured to spindle 3 by means of a suitable chuck, generally indicated at I0, and is rotatable Withspindle 3 upon the engagement of a clutch, generally indicated at II. Clutch II is comprised of a driving member I2 and a driven member I3, member I3 being slidably related to spindle 3 and having a driving relation therewith by means of suitable keys or splines. Driving member I2 is secured to a clutch sleeve I4, journaled in a housing I5, a part of the head bracket, and is driven by' a pulley I6 which is suitably secured to clutch sleeve I4, pulley I6 being driven bymotor 4 by means of a suitable belt I1 (Figure 1).

Clutch II (Figure 4) is thrown into and out of engagement by means of a clutch fork I8 mounted on a clutch shift rod I9 slidably received in the head bracket and shiftable by means of a clutch be inserted (Figure 6).

lever 29. As is more clearly shown in Figure 5, shift rod I9 has associated therewith a detent 2I adapted to maintain the clutch in either its engaged or disengaged position. Clutch lever 20 is suitably secured to a pin 22 rotatably mounted in a housing 23 which journals one end of spindle 3 and is a part of the head bracket.

A hand wheel 24 (Figure 4) is threadably mounted on one end of spindle 3 and has acylindrical portion 24a from which extends a projection 24b (Figure 6) As is more clearly shown in Figure 6, chuck I0 includes an annulus or chuck ring Illa which is secured to the body I917 (Figure 4) of the chuck. Chuck ring la is provided with an opening I00 into which projection 241) may Thus, when hat block I is placed upon the tapered end of spindle 3 and projectionv 24b engages behind the wall of chuck ring Illa upon the rotation of hand wheel 24. the conical bore Ind in the body of chuck I0 is drawn tightly on to the tapered end 3a and thus held securely in driving relation with spindle 3.

The other end of spindle 3 (Figure 4) is reduced and is preferably mounted in a suitable ball bearing 25 held in an end bearing or bracket 26. Bracket'ZB also threadably receives the threaded end of a piston rod or shaft 21 connected to piston 9. Piston rod 21 is held against rotation in bracket 26 by means of a knurled lock nut 28. However, when lock nut 28 is released, piston rod 21 may berotated by manually turning knurled knob 29'. Upon the rotation of knob 29 in one direction or another, bracket 26 moves to the right in the head bracket.

with suitable bores which slidably receive piston.

Still referring to Figure 4, there is secured to the bottom of bracket 26, a bracket 39 in which is received a stroke-adjusting rod M, the operation and purpose of which will be pointed out hereinafter. A housing 32 comprises the front end cover for cylinder 9 which is suitably mounted End cover 32' is provided rod 21 and stroke-adjusting rod'3l, and also has a chamber or bore 32a in which is disposed suitable packing 34 and a plug bearing 35 for piston rod 21. A piston is slidably received in cylinder 9 and is secured to piston rod 21 in any suitable manner.

As viewed in Figure 4, piston 33 is at its extreme right hand position and accordingly a port 36 communicates with the interior of cylinder 9 behind piston 33 while aport 31 and a port 38 communicate with the interior of cylinder 9 in w front of piston 33. The operation and purposes of these ports in relation to piston 9 will be more fully described hereinafter.

From the above it may now be seen that as piston 33 reciprocates within cylinder 9 axial movement is imparted to spindle 3' and accordingly hat block I by means of the connection therebetween provided by'bracket 26 and piston rod 21. One of the several advantages of providing an axially movable hat block lies in the fact that considerable versatility accrues to the machine in that hat bodies of varied dimensions and shapes may be accommodated. Furthermore, by providing the threaded connection between piston rod 21 and bracket 26, whereby axial adjustment of spindle 3 may be-attained by the manual rotation of knob 29, it is possible to position hatblock I (Figure 1) in relation to pouncing tool 2 in such a manner that a hat body of exceptional depth may be operated upon, thus obviating the necessity of providing additional machines for hat bodies of varying depths.

Referring now to Figures 1 and 3, motor 4 is preferably mounted in a housing portion 39 (Figure 3) of column 5. Preferably motor 4 is equipped with suitable reduction gears 40 which drive a shaft and pulley 4| by which belt I1 is driven. Reduction gears 49 are driven from one other end of the armature shaft drives a pulley 42 which in turn drives a. pulley 43 by means of belt 44. Pulley 43 is mounted on the end of a shaft 45. which is journaled in ball bearings 46 mounted in a pump shaft housing 41, which comprises another section of column 5. Shaft extends through housing 41 and is connected to gear pump 6. Thus it will be seen that motor 4 not only drives spindle 3 but also furnishes the power for driving the gear pump.

I end of the armature shaft of motor 4, while the As is more clearly shown in Figure 10, gear a suitable oil reservoir in column 5 and an outlet port 6b. A pipe 48 leads from outlet port 6b into a pressure regulating valve 49 which may be of any desirable type. Valve 49 is adjustable so that if a maximum predetermined pressure is exceeded, fluid under pressure from the oil pump is exhausted through a pipe 59 into the oil reservoir and is not admitted into the system. 011 at correct pressures flows from pressure valve 49 through a pipe 5| past a pressure'gauge 52 into a metering valve 53, and from metering valve 53 by means of a pipe 54 the oil flows into a direction-control valve 55.

As is more clearly shown in Figure 11, the direction-control valve-55 is provided with an inlet port 55a and an exhaust port 5511. Thus.

oil under pressure admitted into valve 55 through inlet'port 55a flows out of valve 55 through a of plunger 51 will lie in the dotted line position shown in Figure 11. However, plunger 51 is held in its lowermost position by means of a bell crank lever or detent 69, the end of Which'opposes or engages a shoulder 57c formed on the shaft of plunger 51.

The shaft of plunger 51, is also preferably provided with a notch 510'. into which a spring biased ball 62a of a detent 62 drops to hold valve 1 I plunger 51 in a neutral position. In this position the plunger 51 is in neutral; that is, the ports 56 and 58 areboth shut oiiE from the flow of fluid which enters through the intake port 5511..

.The gates 51a and 511), however, do "not cover the ports 56 and 58 entirely, so that oil can flow freely between these ports by way of the channel 59 when the swinging arm 8 is manually pivoted. When the valve is in this position, fl-uid bypasses through pressure valve 49 and pipe 58 (Figure 10).

When plunger 51 is in its dotted line position,

as shown in Figure 11, the fluid under pressure which flows into valve through inlet port 55a is directed through port 58 and thence into the system .and returns to valve 55 by way of port 56, thence to leave valve 55 through exhaust port 55b. These different lines of communication are madepossible by a partition 55c along which gates 51a and 51b slide. The means and purposesof positioning plunger 51 as described above will be more fully pointed out hereinafter.

Referring to Figures 1 and 10, a lower piston 63 -recip1ocates within cylinder 1 provided with ports 64, and 66, this piston and cylinder being substantially similar to piston 9 and cylinder 33 except preferably on a larger. scale. When piston 63 is at the extremity of its stroke to the right, as viewed in Figure 10, it lies between ports 65 and 66; that is, its relationship to those ports is similar to the relationship of upper piston 33 to ports36 and 31 as pointed out hereinabove.

A pipe 68 leads from port 56 in valve 55 to 6 port .64 in cylinder 1, and a pipe 69 permits communication between port 58 of valve 55 (Figures 10 and 11) and port 38 of cylinder 9. Cylw inders 9 and 1 are in communication by means of a pipe .18 between ports 31 and 66 and by a pipe 1| between ports 36 and 65. Thus, when valve plunger 51 is in the full line position shown in Figure 11, fluid under pressure is free to flow from port 56'through pipe 68 and into cylinder 1 by way of port 64. Piston 63 is accordingly forced to the right (see Figure 10) and as the exhaust oil in front of the piston seeks the line of least resistance it flows throughport 66, through pipe 18 into cylinder 9 by way of .port 31 and. out of cylinder 9 through port 38; thence throughpipe 69 into valve 55 by way of port 58, out of valve 55 by way of exhaust port 55b, and through exhaust pipe 12 into the oilreservoir in column 5.

As piston '63 (Figure '10) travels to the right its covers port 65 and shortly thereafter reaches the end of its travel so that port as is completely open to receive the full oil pressure. As piston 63 has ceased its travel, exhaust oil ceases to flow through pipe 18 and oil under pressure flowing through port 64 now flows through port 65, thence through pipe 1|. through port 36 of the cylinder 9 and behind piston 33, thus forcing piston 33 to the left as viewed in FigurelO. The exhaust oil pursues substantially the sameroute from cylinder 9 as pointed out above with reference to the exhaust from cylinder 1, this route being indicated by the arrows in Figure 10.

When plunger 51 is in the dotted line position shown in Figure 11, the oil flow, and consequently the action of pistons 33 and 63, is reversed and the fluid, instead of flowing in the direction indicated by the arrows in Figure 10, flows in the opposite direction. Thus oil flowing into valve 55 by way of inlet port 55a flows out of the valve through port 58 and into cylinder 9'by way of pipe 69 and port 38-thus forcing piston 33 toward haustedfrom cylinder 9 flows through port- 31 into cylinder 1 by way of pipe 18 thus to force piston 63 into its position as indicated in Figure 10. Oil is exhausted from cylinder 1 by way of a port 65 and pipe .68 and flows into valve 55 (Figure 11) by way bf port 56 and thence out of the valve and into the oil reservoir in column 5,

63 has connected thereto a piston rod 13 which in turn is suitably secured to a rack 14 (Figures 1 and 9). Rack 14' meshes with an idler gear 15, which in turn meshes with adriving gear 16 (Figure 9). Rack 14 is held inoperative relationsliip with idler gear 15 by means of a guide 11. which is mounted upon a bracket, generally indicated at 18,, extending from the base 5a of column 5 (Figure 1). Preferably bracket "also which the shaft, on which idler gear 15 isi-mounted, is journaled.

.As is more clearly shown in Figure 7, bracket 18 also includes a housing portion 88, the top of which-has formed therein a shoulder 8| and in the bottom of which a shoulder 82 is provided. Rotatably mounted, preferably by ball bearings 83 and 84 or thezlike, on shoulders 8i and 82 respectively, I provide a casting or the like, gen erally indicated at 85, and it is on a downwardly extending portion 85a of this casting that the teeth of drive gear 16 are cut. Portion 85a. of

casting 85 has a bore 86 which communicates with an exhaust conduit 81 secured to the bottom of housing portion for purposes to be herein- "communicating with bore 86. Support 88 of casting has a projection 88a in which a bore 90 is formed and this bore receives a pin 9| preferably secured against rotation as by a set screw 92.

Asis more clearly shown in Figure 7, support 88 supports a swinging arm, generally indicated at 93,.arni 93 being pivotable about pin 9| byway of a bracket 95. Bracket 86 also includes a lower its position as indicated in Figure 10. Oilexincludes a suitable bearing 19 (Figure 2) in in order that, as swinging arm 93 pivots about pin 9i, the lower portion of elbow 94 is free to leave and enter chamber 89 without jamming against any portions of the walls thereof. Preferably I walls of elbow 94 and the walls of chamber 89, in

provide a relatively small clearance between the order that the influxof air between the walls of these two parts is kept at a minimum.

Still referring to Figure 7, arm 93 also includes a bored shaft 96 'or the like, thislshaft being received into the upper portion of lower elbow 94 and preferably being clamped securely therein as by a bolt 91. Securely clamped to the upper portion of hollow shaft 96, I provide a sleeve 98 which has upwardly extending ribs 98a on which is preferably'integrally formed an upper support housing 98b which will be more fully described hereinafter. .Upper sleeve 98 is securely held on shaft 96 by clamping bolts 99 and a collar I00 suitably secured to shaft 96. Preferably the top of shaft 96 extends a suitable distance beyond the top of sleeve 98 in order to accommodate an exhaust guide IOI which is suitably clamped or secured to the top of shaft 96.

From the above it may now be seen that swinging arm 93 is preferably comprised of three main elements, 94, 96 and IN, which have communicating bores forming'an exhaust conduit constantly in communication with bore 86 and accordingly exhaust conduit 81. The purpose of this exhaust conduit or channel will be more fully pointed out hereinafter.

As is most clearly shown in Figure 7, upper. housing 98b is provided with a bore 980 which' rotatably receives a shaft I02. Secured to the bottom of shaft I02, I provide a motor bracket I03 to which is secured a motor I04. 0n the upper end of shaft I02 is secured a tool support bracket I05 which has mounted thereon an upper is to assume a central position in order that thebore-of exhaust elbow I06 constantly registers with the bore of upper exhaust elbow IOI. To prevent the pivoting ofthe assembly about the axis of the shaft I02 at the slightest touch, I preferab y provide a brake, generally indicated at. I08, this brake including a bored plug I09 in which 'is disposed a spring-urged'plunger H0, which 'bears against shaft I02. Plug I09 is threaded into bracket 98b and accordingly by screwing plug I09 toward or away from shaft I02 the pressure of spring-urgedplunger -IIO is increased or decreased at will.

Referring now to Figures 7 and 8, tool support I05 is provided with a chamber l0 5a in which is disposed a pulley III .mounted on a shaft :II2

journaled in suitable bearings formed in tool support I05. A bore 3 formed in tool support I05 conveniently receives a shaft 4 which, as is and thus the belt willnot run true.

erably being of a compressible material, such as sponge rubber, for example.

Preferably tool support I05 is provided with a gate I I9 (Figure 2) which may be raised to permit the installation of a sandpaper belt I20 in operative position with relation to the three pulleys.

In'order to facilitate the installation of sandpapen belt I20, pulley bracket H6 is provided with suitable wing nuts II6a or the like, the loosening of which permits the lowering of the .bracket in order that the sandpaper belt may be readily slipped over the upper and lower pulleys III and I I8 whereafter bracket II6 may be raised as necessary to provide suitable tension in the sandpaper belt. Pulley bracket II5 is likewise adjustable in order that compressible pulley III, which is the pressure pulley, may be adjusted according to the level at which it is desired that the pressure be applied against the hat body.

With reference to Figure 1, sandpaper belt I 20 is driven by motor I04 by means of a belt I2I in driving relation between pulleys I22 and I23 secured respectively to the motor shaft and lower pulley shaft II2.

It might be pointed out here that sandpaper belts such as sandpaper belt I 20 are usually made from a length of sandpaper, the ends of which are cut on the bias and then pasted together to form a continuous belt. Occasionally, due to faulty materials or careless workmanship, the centers of rotation of such a belt are not always aligned If this deflection were not rectified such a faulty belt would readily run itself ofl of the pulleys or wear so rapidly that its usefulness would soon depreciate. In order to provide for defective belts of this nature, I preferably mount on shaft H4 (Figures 1, 7 and 8). a pulley-adjusting lever I24 (Figure 8) this lever being suitably keyed to shaft II4. Thus, swinging of the lever imparts rotation to the shaft II4. Extending through thefree end of lever I24, I provide a rod I25 which is secured to a lug I26 preferably integrally formed on tool support I05. Between lever I24 A knurled nut I28 is suitably.

likewise swing as they are keyed to shaft II4.

This swinging movement is continued until such '8 is displaced-to the right of shaft 9| (as viewed in Figure 1) about which the arm pivots, 'pounc-' ing tool 2, or 'more specifically soft pulley III,

forces the sandpaper belt I20 against hat block I, and as the tool 2 pivots, as'pointed out above, the sandpaper belt travels in an are starting at the apex of ,a hat body mounted on hat block I and continuing in a direction toward the brim sandpaper abrades material from the hat body, this material being sucked down through the .exhaust conduit and disposed of in any suitable manner as by a suitable exhaust mechanism (not shown) secured to exhaust conduit 81 in a suithat body too severely, I have found it preferable to provide suitable mechanism for varying the tool pressure during its movement about its axis I of rotation. To this end, as is more clearly shown in Figure 1, 1. preferably secure a suitably designed cam I29 to the top of bracket I8. Cam I29 is preferably provided with a projection 130 (Figure 16) through which extends an arcuate'slot I3I. A bolt I32 (Figure 1) extending through slot I3I is threaded into the top of bracket 18 to clamp cam I29 in operative position. It will be noted that cam' I29 is adjustable throughout the extent of slot I3I. A suitable clamp I33 (Figures 1 and 2) bolted to bracket 13 retains cam I29 from displacement. Pivotally mounted on shaft 9| (Figure 1) I provide a cam roller arm I34 on the free end of which is rotatably mounted a suitable cam roller I35 which rolls upon the upper surface and accordingly follows the configuration of cam I29.

Projecting from cam roller arm I34 a lug I36 is provided with a suitable bore for the reception of a stud, I31, on which is mounted a block I30 which suitably receives in a threaded bore pro-- vided therefor a rod I39, rod I39 being slidably received in a guide I40. Guide I40 is pivotally secured to the spring adjusting bracket I42. Bracket I42 has a downwardly extending shaft (not shown) which is slidably guided in a suitable bore formed in lower exhaust elbow 94. As viewed in Figure 1, this shaft and bore lie directly behind rod I39 A pressure relief spring MI is disposed about rod I39 between block I30 and guide I40. Spring adjusting bracket I42 has a bore extending therethrough which accommodates an adjusting screw I43 in parallel alignment with the above-mentioned shaft (not shown). Adjusting screw I43 is threaded into a suitably threaded bore provided in that portion of lower exhaust elbow- 94 immediately adjacent the shaft (not shown) which guides bracket I42. A knurled nut I44 is threaded on screw I43 to maintain adjustments provided thereby. Thus, upon nut I44 being loosened,

adjusting screw I43 may be rotated to force bracket I42 and guide I40 downwardly or permit it to rise under the infiuence'of spring I4I, thus to adjust the tension of the spring. Spring MI is a pressure release spring and its influence on the pressure exerted by. pouncing tool 2 against a hat body I will be more fully pointed out hereinafter. -It will now be seen that as cam roller I35 rolls upwardlypn the surface-of cam I29, the tension of spring MI is increased'so as to urge swinging arm 8 and accordingly pouncing tool 2 away from hat block I, and conversely, as cam roller I35 rolls downwardly on the surface of cam I29, tension of spring MI is relaxed to permit swinging arm 3 and accordingly pouncing tool 2 to swing toward hat block I. 3

The center of gravity of swinging arm 8 and the parts asseciated therewith is, however, not displaced so far from the arms pivotal axis as'to induce any great amount of pressure at the level. of soft pressure roller 1. In order to attain suitable operating pressure of roller II'I against hat block I, I have provided, as shown in Figure 2, a pressure device generally indicated at I45. This device is comprised of a rod I46 pivotally se- -cured to support 88 and extending upwardly therefrom to be slidably received in a spring rod guide I41 which is pivotally mounted on lower exhaust elbow 94.

A spring'l48 is positioned about rod I46 and is disposed between guide I41 and a knurled nut I49 threadably related to the, free end of rod I46. The tension of spring I46 is adjustable by the manipulation of nut I49 which, when the desired adjustment is obtained, may be locked in position by a lock nut I50. As the tension of the spring is exerted downwardly on guide I41,

swinging arm 8, and. accordingly pouncing tool 2, is biased toward hat ,block I.

As stated hereinbefore, it is desirable that the pressureexerted on a hat body by the pouncing tool be kept constant throughout the operation. Accordingly, pressure spring I48 (Figure 2) and pressure relief spring I4I (Figure 1) are so adjusted that as the pouncing tool progresses from the apex of the hat towardthe brim thereof and thence back to the apex, the pressure of the tool against the hat body is substantially constant .at all times during the contact therebetween;

Furthermore, I have found it desirable that as the tool operates on that portion of the hat between the top and the sidev of the crown, hereinafter termed the square ofthe hat, the pressure should be slightly increased. It will be apparent that as the sandpaper abrades material from the square of the hat the, whole surface of the belt will not contact the, hat body or, in other words, the contact will approach a line. When this point is reached cam roller I35 is descending, cam I29 thus relieving the tension of pressure relief spring I4I which causes a slight increase in the pressure of thetool against the hat body by way of spring I49 (Figure 2). It also may be noted at this point thatit is desirable that the feed rate of the tool be decreased slightly in order that the line contact pointed out above does not result in the formation of unsightly rings on the square" of the hat. This variation in feed rate is accomplished by mechanisms which will be more fully described hereinafter.

Thus it-will be seen that by providing an automatic pressure release in addition toan automatic feed control it is possible to impart a perfect finish to the hat body which could not otherwise be so readily obtained.

When piston 63 (Figure 10) has reached the end of its stroke in cylinder I (Figure' l) pouncingtool 2 has reached the end of its feed stroke in one direction and, as pointed out above, piston 33in cylinder 9 is immediately actuated to effect axial movement of hat-block I. In other words, the hat body is now'progressing-at a feed rate rather than the pouncing tool. When the hat body has progressed'to the predetermined limit of its feed stroke, reversing mechanism is automatically actuated to reverse the feed of the hat block and upon completion of the reverse feed of the hat block to initiate a reverse feed of the pouncing tool. The reverse feed of the pouncing tool terminates when the tool arrives at the apex of the hat block, and from this point a. quick return motion is eifectuated .to rapidly swing the pouncing tool through an arc of substantially 90 into the position illustratively shown in Figure 2. I

During this quick return action it is desirable that the tool does not operate on the. hat body. This disassociation is automatically accomplished by the abutment of the adjustable screw I56 in cam roller stud I34 against arm I58 extending from bracket 95 as cam roller I35 (Figure 1) proceeds from thatportion of the cam designated by the letter C in Figure 16 to that portion of the cam designated by the letter A, in which position the tool has been backed off a substantial distance from the hat block. By referring to Figure 14 and Figure 16, the relationship of tool 2 to hat block I is illustratively shown, the letters A, B, C, D and E, which indicate the several positions of tool 2 (see (Figure 14) being coincident with the letters A, B, C, D and E, which indicate the positions of roller I35 on cam I29 (Figure 16) which has effected the related positions of the tool. 4

Under certain circumstances it is desirable that tool 2 be operated manually and backed off a further distance from hat block I than results from the ultimate progression of cam roller I35 to the top-mostpoint of cam I29. As pointed out above, direction-control valve 55 (Figure 11) has a neutral position. and when the valve is in this position, swinging arm 8 can be manually pivoted as the fluid in the system is free to fiow in either direction. To maintain swinging arm 8 a distance further spaced from hat block I than results from the normal operation of the arm,

'I have provided a release trigger I5I (Figure 2) pivotally mounted on support bracket 981), A lever I52 .pivotally mounted on arm 93a is connected at one endto trigger I5I by a link I53. The other end of lever I52 is connected to a latch I54 by a rod I55; the lower end of latch I54 (Figure '1) projecting normally below the top edge of casting 35. Thus, when trigger I5I is pivoted in a clockwise direction (Figure 2) lever I52 pivoted in a counterclockwise direction, causing a counterclockwise pivoting of latch I54 to place the latch into a position where it may engage the top of casting 85and thus hold the swinging arm in an extended pivoted position in a direction away from the hat block.

In order to effect the reverse feeds of the hat block and tool as mentioned above, I have preferably provided both manually and automatically actuatedmechanisms. With reference to Figure 1, a reversing lever I59 connected to a bell crank lever I60 pivotally mounted on a shaft I6I carried by suitable lugs I62 (Figure 2) secured to column 5. When lever I59 is pivoted away from column 5, end I60a of bell crank lever I60 raises an end 163a (see Figure 11) of a bell crank lever I63 pivotally mounted on a bracket 264 (Figure 1) secured to the top of direction-control valve 55. As end I63a (Figure 11) is raised the other end I63b of bell crank lever I63 is withdrawn from its engagement with shoulder 510 of valve plunger 51 thus permitting spring '69 to force plunger 51 upwardly so'that gates 51a and 51b of the plunger assume the dotted line positions shown in Figure 11. When in this position a reversal of the operations takes place, that is, piston 33 (Figure 10) first is actuated to travel from the left to the right of cylinder 9 (Figure 1) and, after} that action is terminated, piston 63 immediately travels from fected automatically. As hat block I approaches the end of its forward feed stroke, the length of which may be determined by the positioning of an adjustable stroke-adjusting trip I64 which is slidably mounted on stroke-adjusting rod 3| (see Figure 4), trip I64 abuts a push rod I65 slidably mounted in the top of housing portion 39. As push rod I65 is forced to the left, as viewed in Figure 4, it eventually abuts a lug I66 secured to reversing lever I59, thus forcing lever I59 away from housing portion 39 and bringing about the release of plunger 51 in.valve 55 to effect a reversal of operations as pointed out above with respect to the manual operation of reversing lever I59.

It is to be noted that inasmuch as trip I64 can be positioned at any point on stroke-adjusting rod 3|, the length of the feed stroke of bat block I 'may be positively determined or varied according to the depth of the hat body being operated upon Thus, a short stroke is obtained by positioning trip I64 to the left in Figure 4 and a long stroke by positioning the trip to the right.

Under certain conditions, asfor exampl where very shallow hat bodies are being finished, it is desirable in the interests of economy of time that the automatic reversal just described be supplemented by a quicker acting mechanism which effects a reversal of the feed of tool 2 only and suspends the hat block feed. To this end,

1 preferably provide a -valve trip hook I61 (Figure 1) pivotally mounted in a bracket I68 secured to piston rod 13. As is more clearly shown in Figure 9, hook I61 may be swung from its operative position shown in full line in Figure 9 to an inoperative dotted line position and maintained in either by means of a wing nut I69 or the like.

of hell crank lever I10 and thus forces upwardly a valve release rod I12 which is pivotally se- Whcn hook I61 is in its operative position it 4 cured to projection I1Ilb and slidably extends through a guide I13 secured to column 5.

.As valve release rod I12 (Figure 11) is thus raised it pivots bell crank lever I63, with the result that plunger 51 is released to assume its dotted line position as shown in Figure 11, thus efiectuating a reverse feed of the tool as pointed I used to effect a reversal of tool.2, piston 33 (Fig ure 10) in uppe'r cylinder9 is inoperative because the direction of fluid pressure is the reverse of that indicated by the arrows in Fig. 10.

That is, immediately after piston 63 opens port 65, plunger 51 (Figure 11) of valve 55 is released to change-the direction of fluid flow from port 56 to port 58 (Figure 10). Accordingly, piston 63 immediately starts back in the opposite direction as no fluid can enter cylinder ,9 through port 36 to actuate piston 33 (Figure 10).

- As has been previously mentioned hereinabove, I find it preferable to provide mechanism for automatically varying the feed rate. This is particularly true of the feed 'rate of tool 2 in both dlrections ot its stroke in order that the 75 out above. When valve release hook I61 is thus appearance of the square of the'hat is not marred, as pointed out above, and also to attain a quick return of the tool fromthe point at which it leaves the surface of the hat body (also mentioned hereinabove).

To effect automatically this variation in feed rate I have provideda speed xcontrol cam I14 (Figures 1, 2,13 and 15) mounted upon rack 14. Bell crank lever I10 is provided with a projection I10c (Figure 13) on the endof which is revolubly mounted a cam-roller I15 which is positioned to follow the surface of cam I14 throughout theextent of the cams movement as imparted by the travel of rack 14. Another projection I1Ild on bell crank lever I10 projects upwardly and engages the end of push rod I16 which regulates the fluid output of the metering or speed control valve 53 (Figures, 1, 10'and 12).

As pointed out above, speed control valve 53 is interposed between the oil pump and the direction control valve 55 (see Figure 10). Accordingly, fluid under pressure is always flowing 'throughspeed control valve 53 in the direction indicated by the arrows in Figure 12.

With reference to Figure 12, fluid under pressure flows through pipe 5| into a chamber 53a of valve 53. Chamber 53a is provided with an outlet port 53b in which a spring actuated piston I11 (partly shown in section) is slidably received. Piston I11 is provided with a long'itudinal tapered groove I'Ilc on its' circumference and an outwardly extending stem I11b which abuts push rod I13. Stem I11b is sealed in a portion 530 of valve 53 by a cap I18 and a suitable -oil seal I19. v r

Valve 53 is suitably mounted on a bracket I80 secured to column 5 (Figure 1). to bracket I89 and extending therefrom I provide a U-shaped member or bracket I8I (Figure 12) which has a threaded bore I82 extending therethrough. Suitably threaded into bore I32 is an adjusting screw I83 suitably bored to receive push rod I16. Push rod I16 preferably has acollar I16a thereon adapted to abut against the adjacent end of screw I83. It may now be seen that screw I83 maybe so positioned that the closing of port 53b can be positively limited, in that, push" rod I15 and accordingly collar I15a thereon can slide through screw I83 until collar I'IBa abuts thereagainst, thus limiting the c'losto the tool but, as will readily be seen, at a constant oil pressure. As'rack 1II progresses, cam

- roller I15 travels over that portion of cam I15 indicated by the letter Din Figure 15. As the cam roller attains this position, projection I18d is swung to the left causing a closing movement I As the tool approaches the flatter surface of Secured left to the right as viewed in Figure 1. 14 moves, idler gear I5 isxdriven, and it in turn the top of the hat body, cam roller I15 rides up over that portion of cam I14 indicated by the letter C in Figure 15, thus effecting a more rapid feed rate in a manner similar to that pointed B and A, at which time port 53 is open to "its fullest extent. It is during this phase that they quick return is effected.

When the forward feed of tool 2 is effected,

rack 14 moves from the left to the right, as. .viewed in Figure 1. Accordinglya rapid advance of tool 2 to the apex of the hat body results because meter valve 53'is fully opened, cam roller I15 being raised by cam I14 at portions'A andB thereon (Figure 15). then follow in an order reverse to that described above with respect to the return feeds.

To instigate the operation of the machine, I have provided avalve operating lever I84 (Figure 1) pivotally mounted on the support bracket of the hydraulic head. As is more clearly shown in Figure 2, valve operating lever I84 has a lug I extending therefrom, and this lug abuts a pin I86 secured to a yoke I81 on which is mounted clutch operating lever 28. Thus, when valve operating lever I83 is pushed to the right, as viewed in Figure 1, clutch lever 20 is also moved by the abutment-of lug I85 against pin I 86 toengage The different feed rates clutch II (Figure 4) and thus cause rotation of v the hat block.

As valve operating lever I84 (Figure 1) is moved, it forces downwardly a lever I88 to which is pivotally connected a valve push rod I89, in turn pivotally connected to an intermediate lever I90 suitably mounted to pivot about a stud I9I secured to column 5. As intermediate lever I 90 pivots clockwise, it' depresses a push rod I92 which is slidably received in the bore of a guide bracket I93 secured to column 5. Preferably I provide a spring I9 1 interposed between the top of guide I93 and a collar I secured to push rod I92, spring I94 being so disposed for the purpose of constantly biasing the valve operating element I92 to inoperative position.

With continued reference to Figure 1; when push rod I92 is sufiiciently depressed, itabuts the top of plunger 51 (Figures. 1 and 11) of valve 55, andon continued depression, plunger 51 is -forced down until arm I631) of bell crank lever I53 engages shoulder 510 on valve plunger 51, in which position the forward operation of the tool is effected, all as best shown in Figure 11.

Afterthe machine has beernput into operation by the manipulation of lever I83, as pointed out above, the operation continues as follows: Fluid.

under pressure flows through the hydraulicsystem in'the direction indicated by the arrows in Figures 10 and 11. Underthis influence, piston 53 is forced to the right in cylinder 1 (Figures 1 and 10) and accordingly rack 1'5 moves from the As rack drives gear 18 (Figure 9) to rotate pouncing tool 2 about a hat body mounted on hat block I,

As the pouncing tool approaches the apex of the hat body or substantially position C as shown in Figure 14, cam roller I35 (Figures land 16) descends. from the highest portion of cam I29,

the hat body to bringthe pouncing tool into contact therewith. as it reaches this position. Thence the pouncing tool continues to travel thus permitting swinging arm 8 to pivot; toward about the hat, and cam roller I35 progresses further down cam I29, thus automatically adjusting the pressure of the pouncing tool against the hat body; as pointed out above, until piston' 63 and accordingly rack 14 completes its stroke.

Immediately upon the halting of piston '63 the fluid pressure is shifted into upper cylinder 9 in back ofpiston 33 therein to effect motion of piston 33 from the right to the left, as viewed in Figure 1. This movement of piston 33 is imparted to hat block spindle 3 and accordingly the rotating hat body is fed past the now stationary pouncing tool.

When the hat body has reached the end of its this engagement is released, plunger 51 in direction control valve 55 automatically shifts into a reverse position under the bias of spring 60, and' in this position the direction of flow of the fluid under pressure immediately shifts so that the fluid now flows in a direction opposite to that in dicatedby the arrows in Figure 10.

Now follows a sequence ofoperations exactly the reverse of those pointed out above until the pouncing tool returns to its original position or position A shown in Figure 14.

During the forward and reverse feed strokes of both the pouncing tool and the hat body, the speed rate is varied for purposes hereinbefore set forth. Thus, as rack I4 moves from the left tothe right in Figure 1, cam roller II5 rides over the surface of cam I'M which is carried by rack I4. As pointed out above, the different positions indicated-on cam I14 in Figure 15 effect different feed rates of the pouncing tool. Thus, upon the forward stroke, the portions of cam I I4 indicated by the letters A and B effect a rapid advance of the tool toward the apex of the hat until the position indicated by letter C is reached. At this position the feed rate is reduced somewhat as the sandpaper belt is now removing material from the hat body. When the square of the hat is reached, position D on cam I14 effects a slower feed rate in order not to deface this portion of the hat as would otherwise occur, as has been already pointed out. After the tool has progressed beyond the' square of the hat, position E on cam I'll is reached and a faster feed rate is effected, as it is along this portion of "the hat body that full contact is maintained between the sandpaper belt and the hat body, and the feed rate is accordingly preferably higherin order not to remove too much material from the hat body.- This same feed rate is preferably maintained during the forward and reverse feed strokes of the hat body and also'a portion of the return feed of the tool, after which time the different feed rates follow in an order reverse to that just described.

By referring'to Figure 10, it may be seen that upon the completion of the forward and reverse feed strokes of pistons 63 and 33, these pistons have returned to the positions shown. The direction of flow of the fluid under pressure, however, is the reverse of that indicated by the arrows because plunger 51 of direction control valve 55 is inthe dotted line position shown in Figure 11. Accordingly, an automatic repetition of the operating cycle will not ensue because the fluid, instead of flowing in the directions indicated by the arrows in Figures 10 and 11, will be flowing in an opposite direction, and as the pistons cannot 'travel any further in reverse direction, the oil will by-pass through pressure regulating valve 49 and thus return to the oil reservoir in column 5 by way of pipe 59.

It will now be seen that I have provided a hat finishing machine which will accommodate a hat body of unusual depth. By providing cams which automatically vary the pressure of pouncing tool 2 on the hat body and which vary the feed rate of the tool at those portions of the hat body where lesser or greater feed rates are needed, I

have madeit possible to puta uniform finish on the exterior surface of the hat body by removing the same amount of felt therefrom at substantially all portions thereof. Furthermore, I achieve extensive versatility through numerous adjustments such as the pressure adjustments provided by the pressure spring I48 (Figure 2) and pressure relief spring I4I (Figure l), by the adjustable reversing trip I 64 (Figure '1), by the feed stroke adjustment 29 (Figure 4) of the hat block spindle, and by the adjustment I28 (Figure 8) for compensating out-of-line sandpaper belts. I

It will also be seen that by providing hydraulic drives, I have reduced to a minimum the number of moving parts. I have accomplished a simplicity of construction which denotes inexpensive manufacture, reliable operation and durability in the course of extended use.

As has, been stated hereinabove, it is desirable that the pressure of the pouncing tool upon the hat body be constant and uniform throughout the pouncing or finishing operation. It may readily be seen that to obtain this'constant and uniform tool pressure during the finishing operation on a hat body of oval shape entails difilculties not encountered in finishing a hat body of regular frusto-conical shape. As an oval hat body has a multitude of different diameters the surface of the hat body travels through an extremely irregular path when the hat body is rotated; that is, if a tool were to be held stationary it would either contact the hat body with constantly varying pressures due to the eccentricity of the oval shape, or it would contact portions of the hat body and fail to come into contact with other portions. Accordingly, I have found it desirable to provide a hat block and hat block spindle which may be eccentrlcally revolved in order to neutralize the effect of the varying hat body diameters. In effect,'this eccentric action reduces the greater diameters, and increases the lesser ones so that substantially an average diameter is imparted to-the oval shape. To this end, I have provided an oval head assembly which is readily interchangeable with the hydraulic hat block head assembly which has been described in detail hereinbefore.

Accordingly, with regard to Figure 18, I provide an oval head generally indicated at I81, comprising a main shaft I88, a flywheel I89 and a hat block I90 mounted on a chuck generally indicated at I9I in Figure 19. The several operating parts of head I81 are journaled in or se- .-cured to a head bracket generally indicated at I92 (Figure 18) which is'suitably bolted or otherwise secured to the top of motor housing 39, which forms the upper part of column 5. Motor housing 39 and column 5 support and house parts similar to those hereinbefore described with the exception of the upper cylinder 33, which is preferably not used in this embodiment of my invention. If desired, however, hydraulic means may be incorporated with the oval head'for the same purposes as disclosed with respect to the other embodiment. I i

Still referring to Figure 18, it will be seen that I provide pouncing, tool 2 on the swinging arm, 8 mounted onbracket I8, these several assemblies being substantially as already described. Thus the main difference isin the head assembly and the drive therefor, which will be more fully described hereinafter.

Referring now to Figure 19, wherein there is shown on an enlarged scalepasectional elevation of my oval head assembly, main shaft I88 is preferably 'journaled in ball bearings I93 and I94 nrounted in housings I95 and I98 which are preferably integral parts of head bracket I92.

Preferably, an end I88a of shaft I88 is reduced and on this end is secured a rear. support I9I which conveniently takes the form of a drum. Upon rear support or drumv I91 there is mounted an upper pulley cap I98 which is held .in related assembly with'drum I91 by a set screw I99 or the like. A pulley 200 is preferably integral with pulley cap I98 and, as is more clearly shown in Figure 18, driving belt II affords a driving relation between motor pulley 4| and head pulle 200, whereby the oval head is driven.

Referring again to Figure 19, I provide a supportingarm or bracket 20I secured to head bracket I92 as by bolts 202 or the like and, for

purposes to be hereinafter described, there is mounted in arm 20I a stationary pinion 203, the

shaft of which conveniently provides a mounting for a suitable anti-friction member 204 which supports pulley cap I98.

As is more clearly shown in Figure 20, main shaft I88 has an off-center bore I88b extending therethrough in which is received a spindle 205, spindle 205 having a diameter substantially "smaller than that of bore I88b. Spindle 205 (Figure 19)- is rotatably supported substantially 2 I3 and 2 I4 of differing thicknesses for a purpose to beset forth hereinafter.

Bearing 201 at the opposite end of spindle 205 is mounted in a bearing support 2I5 andis held in place therein by means of a suitable cover plate 216 or the like secured to support 2I5.

- Support 2I5 has integrally formed therein and extending therefrom an'arm 2, the end of which conveniently takes the form of a clamp 2Iia whichse'curesa supporting pin 2I8.

As is more clearly showndn Figure 21, the ends of pin 2I8 are journaled in a pair of support plates-2I9 which extend through a cut-out portion I9Ia in rear support I91 and are suitably secured to pulley cap I98. It will now be seen that'arm 2I'I, clamp 2I1a, pin 2I8 and support plates 2I9 comprise a hinge-whereby spindle 205 (Figure 19) which is journaled in bearing'20l secured in support 2I5 may be given an angular deflection about pin 2I8 as an axis. The means for accomplishing and the purpose of this deflection will be more fully described hereinafter.

Still referring to Figure 19, an internal gear 220 is-threaded onto the end of spindle 205 and is held inrelated assembly therewith by means of a clamping nut 22I threaded upon a'reduced threaded end portion of spindle 205. Internal gear 220 meshes with stationary pinion 203,- as may be more clearly seen in Figure 21. 1

Accordingly, it will now be seen that there are two axes of rotation, namely: one axis indicated by the letter A (Figure 21) which is the axis of rotation-of main shaft I 88 in addition to being the axis of stationary pinion 203, and the axis indicated by the letter B which is the axis of rotation of internal gear 220 and accordingly spindle 205. Thus, when rear support I91 and pulley cap I98 and the parts contained therein are rotated by belt IT, a double rotation is imparted to spindle 205 because of the connection thereof with pulley cap I98 bymeans of arm 2H and because of the meshing of internal gear 220 with stationary pinion 203. In other words,

spindle 205 revolves about the axis A, the radius of revolution being A -B, and also spindle 205 revolves about its own axis B through the meshing of the gears. Accordingly a gear reduction is accomplished and spindle 205 is driven at a speed proportionate to the speed of rotation" of main shaft I88, the speed ofrotation of spindle 205 about its axis 3 being determined by the gears. By providing the hinged relation between spindle 205 and pulley cap I98 as described above, it is possible to deflectspindle 205 through an arc in the order of, 2-3 while both shaft I88 and spindle 205 are revolving.

As long as axis B is spaced from axis A, the

surface of a hat block I90 mounted on chuck I9I (Figure 19) has an eccentric rotation with re-- spect to. pouncing tool 2, but hat block. I90 being of an oval shape, the eccentricity of its rotation will substantially neutralize the differing diameters of the oval and thuseffect a substantial circular rotation of the surface of the oval.

As spindle 205 is deflected so that its axis 3 at the end thereof remote from internal gear 220 merges with axis A of the main shaft I88, the eccentricity of rotation of chuck I9I is destroyed and accordingly the axis of the oval coincides ably comprised of a shift collar generally indicated at 223 'slidably mounted on shaft I88 and secured to an oval control wedge 224by means of screws 223a or the like, wedge 224 being rein shaft I88 (see Figure 20) and in effect keys shift collar 223 to shaft I88. It will now be clear that shift collar 223-is rotatable with shaft I88.

Shift collar 223 (Figure 19) preferably includes a reduced portion 223b, a flange v223a and a shoulder 223d, thus conveniently taking the form illustratively shown in Figure 19. Mounted on shoulder 22311 I preferably provide a thrust bearing 225 which is held in engagement with flange 223c by means of a lock nut 226 threaded into a housing member generally indicated at 221 suitably disposed about shift collar 223. Hous- 'ciprocably disposed within a groove I 880 formed ing 221 includes a portion 221a which, upon tightening of lock nut 226, takes up behind flange 223, thus holding the housing and the shift collar in secured assembled relation and maintaining the boss. Mounted on the ends of pin 230 and secured to pivot therewith, I- provide a pair of shifting arms 23I and 232, the free ends of these arms preferably being forked to engage studs 226.

As is more clearly shown in Figure 18, shift arm 23I conveniently takes the form of a bell crank lever, the other arm being an offset lever 23Ia pivotally connected to a push rod 233. Thus upon operation of push rod 233 either upwardly or downwardly, shift device 222 will be moved to the left or right respectively, thus imparting a corresponding reciprocation to oval control wedge 224 (Figure 19) by means of its connection with shift collar 223.

As mentioned hereinbefore, journal 209 (Figure 19) is reciprocably mounted with respect to flange 2| I. Thus flange 2 has integrally projecting therefrom a pair of guides 234 and 235 which, as is more clearly shown in Figure 22, are

received in suitable guideways 236 and 231 formed in journal 209. The top of guide 234 is preferably slightly concave and slidably supports oval control wedge 224 which extends through a suitable bore 2IIa (Figure 19) formed in flange 2| I. In the top of guideway 236 a wedge roller 238 is rotatably mounted on a pin 239 suitably reoeived in a bore 240 formed in journal 209. Pin 239 is secured to a plug 2 which is received in a bore 242 formed in journal 209, plug 24I being secured against rotation in any suitable manner. Journal 209 is further provided with a bore 243 in which spindle 205 is rotatably received.

It' will now be seen that as wetlge224 is reciprocated by the mechanism heretofore described its inclined surface 224:: (see also Figure 19) bears against roller 238 to force journal 209 upwardly or permit the journal to be displaced downwardly, as the case may be. The downward travel of journal 209, as viewed in Figure 22,, is effected by means of a pair of springs 244 which are attached to journal 209 by suitable pins 245 conveniently received in bosses 246, which are preferably integral parts of journal 209. Springs 244 are secured at their other ends to a pair of pins 24! mounted in a pair of bosses 248 which are preferably integral parts of flange 2".

Referring now to Figures 18 and 23, push rod 233 (Figure 18) is pivotally connected at its lower.

extremity to an offset lever 249 pivotally mounted on a pin 250 (Figure 23) which is threadably received in a boss 25I which projects from column 5. Oflset lever 249 has a complemental arm 249a (Figure 18) to the end of which is pivotally securQi a link252. Link 252 is secured to a lever 253 (Figure 23) the joint 254 therebe tween being in the nature of a universal joint to permit pivoting of link 252 in planes both vertical and horizontal with respect to the plane of lever 253. suitable boss or projection Ila which is prefer- Lever 253 is pivotally mounted on a,

ably integrally formed with bracket or support I8, lever 253 having rotatably mounted on the 253 is pivoted, thus actuating push rod 233 which in turn changes the angularity of spindle 205 (Figure 19) through the medium of shifting mechanism 222 (FigureslB and 19) as previously described. Cam 256 (Figure 23) is so positioned on the shaft of idler gear I that the correct or desired degree of angularity is automatically imparted to spindle 205 according to the position of pouncing tool 2 (Figure 18) on hat block I90. Thus, when the pouncing tool is operating on top of the hat, it is not so important to com pensate for the different diameters of the oval shape inasmuch as the eccentricity of rotation during this period of the finishing operation will not result in varying pressures, as the plane of the surface of the top of the oval hat does not change.

With further reference to Figures 18 and 23, as rack I4 moves to the left, pouncing tool 2 is driven in forward feed direction, idler gear I5 accordingly rotating in counterclockwise direction. Cam 256 rotates with idler gear I5 and as cam roller 255 follows the portion indicated at 256a (Figure 23) the shifting mechanism 222 is actuated. As cam roller 255 is rolling over surface 256a, pouncing tool 2 is progressing toward the brim of the hat, and, as the tool is now operating upon the sides of the hat, the angul'arity of spindle 205 with respect to main shaft I88 is so varied that the different diameters of the oval shape are compensated for, thus enabling a substantially constant pressure to be maintained between the pouncing tool and the hat body.

- .Whencam roller 255 reaches the lowermost portion of cam 256, shifting mechanism 222 has been so operated as to withdraw wedge 224 (Figure 19) as far from wedge roller 238 as possible, thus merging the movable end of the axis of spindle 205'with the axis of shaft I88. When these axes are in this position, the differing diameters of the oval hat body are not being compensated for. Accordingly, when cam roller 255 is riding over the higher portions of cam 256, shifting mechanism 222 (Figure 19) and wedge 224 are shifted toward the hat body to culminate in the position shown in Figure 19, wedge 224 thus being forced under roller 238 to separate the axes of spindle 205 and shaft I88 and accordingly compensate for the eccentricity of rotation of the hat block.

From the description set forth hereinabove of the hydraulic head shown in Figure 1 and the oval head shown in Figure 18, it is to be noted that these heads are interchangeable on column 5 of the pouncing machine. Thus the hydraulic head which is secured to column 5 by means of a suitable number of bolts may be readily removed therefrom and the several pipe connections plugged up all without eifectingthe hydraulic operation of the pouncing tool upon a hat body mounted on the oval head which readily 'lowed by cam roller 255, and accordingly lever Y the like.

- of the hat.

replaces the hydraulic head. This feature of interchangeability is of great benefit in that only one machine with interchangeable heads might be purchased rather than two separate machines for finishing different types of hats.

It will thus be seen that by automatically varying the angularity of the shaft, which rotatably supports an oval hat block, with respect to the main drive shaft, the eccentricity of rotation of the oval block may be compensated for,. thus permitting the maintenance of a constant pressure on the surface thereof by a pouncing tool or It is important that the variations of this angularity be efiected automatically as the pouncing tool progresses from the "squ'are of the hat to the brim thereof, as there are an infinite number of differing diameters each of which would effect a different degree of eccentricity-were there no way of compensating for the different diameters of an oval shape. By thuscompensating for these difiering diameters the surface of the oval hat is maintained in a substantially constant plane at the point of contactwith the pouncing tool, no matter what position the pouncing tool attains along the axis Hence, the operating pressure of the tool on the hat is maintained at a substantially constant figure, thus preventing over-abrasion at some portions and under-abrasion at others. This results in the imparting of a finish of high quality to the hat which would not be otherwise obtainable. It also follows that reliance upon the skill of a workman is obviated, as is also the risk of low quality work by a lack of such skill.

It will thus be seen that there has been provided by this invention an apparatus in which the various objects hereinabove set forth, together with -many thoroughly practical advantages, are successfully achieved.

As various possible embodiments might be made of the mechanical features of the above invention, all without departing from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth orshown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

I "claim:

1. In a finishing machine, in combination; a hat support, hydraulic means adapted to impart axial movement to said support, a tool adapted to operate upon the surface of a hat mounted upon said support, hydraulic means adapted to cause relative movement between said support and said tool in a path extending from the apex to the brim of the hat, and valve means adapted to control the direction of operation of saidhyboth of said hydraulic means being interconnected whereby said valve means determines the direction of operation of both of. said hydraulic means, and means adapted to force oil under pressure into said valve means.

3. In a machineof the character described, in combination, a rotatable hat support, means for driving said support, hydraulic means adapted to impart axial translation to said hat support,

means for varying at will the direction of translation of said hatsupport, an oil pump connected; 5 to saidsecond-mentioned means, and a valve automatically actuated todetermine the direction of translation of said support, said valve being interposed between 'said pump andsaid sec- I and-mentioned means.

4. In a machine of the character described, in

combination, a rotatable. hat support, a 'drive shaft mounting said support, a tool adapted to operate upon the surface ,0 a hat mounted upon said support, hydraulic means "adapted 'to move said support axially, hydraulic means adapted to I move said tool about. said hat, and means associated with both of said hydraulic means whereby said first-mentioned hydraulic means operates upon the cessation of operation of said secondmentioned hydraulic means.

5. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatablehat support, a drive shaft mounting said support, a tool adapted to operate upon the surface of a hat mounted. upon automatically varying the feed rate of said second-mentioned means;

6. In a machine of the character described, in

combination, a rotatable hat support, a drive shaft mounting said support, atool adapted to operate upon the surface of a hat mounted upon said support, hydraulic means adapted to move said support axially, hydraulic means adapted to move said tool about said hat, means associated ,With both of said hydraulic means whereby said first-mentioned hydraulic means operates upon the cessation of operation of said second-mentioned hydraulic means, valve means for automatically varying the feed rate of said secondinentioned means, and valve means connected to both of said hydraulic means andsaid first-mentioned valve means, said last-mentioned valve operation of both of said hydraulic means.

7. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable-hat support, adrive shaft mounting said support, a tool adapted to operate upon the surface one. hat mounted upon said support, hydraulic means adapted to, move said support axially, hydraulic means adapted to move said tool, about said hat, means associated with both of said hydraulic means whereby said first-mentioned hydraulic means operates upon the cessation of operation of said secondmentioned hydraulic means, valve means for varying the speed'ofoperation of said secondmentioned means, valve means connected to both of said hydraulic means and said first-mentioned valve means, said last-mentioned valve means being adapted to automatically control the direction of operation of both of saidhydraulic means, and means associated with said lastmentioned valve means'whereby said last-mentioned valve means is retained in a neutral position to permit manual operation of said tool.

8. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable hat support, a traversing tool having means for actuating it to operate on the surface of a hat mounted on said support, means including a spring for effecting a means being adapted to control the direction of continuous pressure of the tool against the hat, spring means biasing said tool away,from said hat to partially relieve said pressure, and means adapted to positively control said pressure.

hat,-hydraulic means adapted to rotate said tool,

and valve means connected to said hydraulic means whereby the speed of operation thereof is automatically varied.

10. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable spindle, a chuck mounted on said spindle, hydraulic means adapted to impart axial movement to said spindle, a tool' movable about said chuck, hydraulic means for moving said tool, valve means connected to both of said hydraulic means and adapted to control the direction of operation thereof, and a valve member connected to said valve means and adapted to vary the rate of flow of fluid into said valve means whereby the speed of operation of said second-mentioned hydraulic means may be varied, and means adapted to automatically con-,

trol said valve member.

11. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable hatsupport, a tool adapted to travel about said support, hydraulic means for imparting axial movementto said support, and means for automatically reversing the direction of travel of said hydraulic means and said tool.

12.111 a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable support for an oval hat, a tool for operating on the surface of said hat, hydraulic means for moving said tool about said hat support, means for changing the axis of rotation of saidhat support as said tool moves thereabout, and means connected to said hydraulic means for varying the rate of flow of fluid into said hydraulic means for varying the feed rate of said tool during its motion about said hat support. I

13. In a machine of the character described, in combination, means for rotatabiy supporting an oval hat, said means including a hollow shaft having a iixed axis and a spindle disposed within said hollow shaft having a variable axis, a'tool for operating on the surface of said hat, and means for changing the axis of said spindle as said tool operates on said hat. 4

14. In a machine of the character described, in combination, means for rotatabiy supporting an oval hat, said means including a hollow shaft having a. fixed axis and a spindle disposed within said hollow shaft having a variable axis, a tool for operating-on the surfaceof said hat, and means for changing the axis of said spindle as said tool operates on said hat, said means including a cam and connecting elements therefrom to said spindie to change the axis of said spindle.

15. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a. support comprised of a base, a pump housing and a motor housing, a bracket mounted on said support,.a hat support rotatably mounted in said bracket, a motor in said motor housing, an oil'pump in said pump housing, said motor being adapted to drive said hat support and said pump, a tool rotatably mounted on said firstmentioned support, hydraulic means secured to said base and adapted to rotate said tool, valve means. for controlling the direction of flowof oil.

from said pump to said hydraulic means, means for reversing the direction of flow of oil from said valve to effect a reversal of movement of said tool, valve means interpositioned between said pump and said first-mentioned valve means for varying the rate of flow of oil into saidfirst-mentioned' valve means whereby the feed rate of said tool may be varied, and means operably associated with said hydraulic means and said last-men tioned valve means for varying the rate of flow of oil from said last-mentioned valve means.

16. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a base, a hat support rotatably mounted on said base, a tool support rotatabiy mounted on said base and pivoted to swing toward and away from said hat support during its rota-.

. including a rack and pinion for rotating said tool support about a' hat mounted on said hat support, means including, a cam mounted on said bracket for effecting the swinging movement of said tool support, and a tool mounted. on said tool support for operating upon the surface of said hat.

18. In a machine of the character described, in

combination, a base, a hat support rotatably mounted on said. base, means disposed in said base for rotating said hat support, a" tool support rotatably mounted on said base, said tool support.

being adapted to rotate about a hat mounted on said hat support, means associated with said tool support and including a cam and roller pivoted to swing said tool support toward and away from said hat during the rotation of said tool support, means for rotating said tool support, a tool mounted on said tool support for operating upon the surface of said hat in a path extending from the apex to the brim thereof, and a motor mounted on said tool support for driving said tool.

19. Ina machine of the character described, in combination, a base, a hat support rotatably mounted on said base, means for rotating said hat support, a tool support pivoted to swing toward and away from a hat mounted on said hat support, said tool support being rotatably mounted on said base, a tool mounted on said tool support for operating upon the surface of said hat, means for forcing said tool support and said tool toward said hat, and spring means for partially relieving the pressure of said last-mentioned means as said tool traverses predetermined portions of the hat.

. 20. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a base, a hat support rotatably mounted on said base, means for rotating said hat support, a tool support pivoted to swing toward and away from a hat mounted on said hat support, said tool support being rotatabiy mounted on said base, a tool mounted on said tool support for operating upon the surface of said hat, means for forcing said tool support and said tool toward said hat, spring means for partiallyrelieving the pressure of said second-mentioned means as said tool traverses predetermined portions of the hat, and means for varying at will 76 the effective pressure of both of said second and third-mentioned means.

21. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable hat support, a tool 5 adapted to operate upon the surface of a hat mounted upon said support, hydraulic means adapted to move said support axially, hydraulic means adapted to move said tool about said hat, and means associated with both of said hydraulic means whereby said first-mentioned hydraulic I of said second-mentioned hydraulic means.

22. In a machine of the character described,

v 23. Ina machine of the character described, 4 in combination, a rotatable hat support, means including a tool adapted to operate upon the surfaceof ahat mounted upon said support, hy-

draulic means adapted to move said tool about said hat, valve means associated with said hy-- draulic means and actuated by said first-mam tionedmeans for automatically reversing the direction of movement of said tool upon. said tool attaining the limit of its feed in one direction, and

movement of said tool in both directions of its travel.

25. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable hat support, a tool adapted to operate upon the surface of a hat mounted upon said supportghydrauli'c means adapted to move said tool about said hat, valve means associated with said hydraulic means for automatically reversing the direction of movement of said tool upon said tool attaining the limit of its feed in one direction, and means for means including a metering valve associated with said hydraulic means and said direction-control valve.

26. In a machine of the character described,

in combination, a rotatable hat support, a tool' for operating upon the surface of a hat mounted on said support, said tool being movable thereabout, hydraulic means for moving said tool about said hat, hydraulic means for moving said hat support axially, and-means including a directioncontrol valve and asystem-ofpiping interconnected with both of said hydraulic means whereby a forward feed is imparted to said tool, thence a forward feed is imparted to said hat support,

75 thence a'return feed is imparted to said hat supmeans operates upon the cessation of operation means for varying the rate of movement of said varying the rate of movement of said tool, said.

port, and thence a return feed is imparted to said tool. 4

27. In a machine of thecharacter described, ,in combination, a rotatable hat support, a tool forioperating. upon the surface of a hat mounted on said support, said tool being movable thereabout, hydraulic means for moving said tool about said hat, hydraulic means for moving said hat support axially, means including a directioncontrol valve and a system of piping interconnected with both of said hydraulic means whereby a forward feed is imparted to said tool, thence a forward feed is imparted to said hat support,

thence a return feed is imparted to said hat support, and thence a return feed is imparted to said tool, and means for preventing a repetition of 'the'movements of said tool and said hat support.

28. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable hat support, a tool for operating upon thesurface of a hat mounted upon said support, hydraulic means adapted to move said tool about said hat, and valve means associated with said hydraulic means for auto- 'matically reversing the movement of said tool,

said valve means including a part positionable to remove said tool from the driving eflEect of said hydraulic means whereby said tool may be operated by hand.

29. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable hat support, a tool for operating upon the surface of a hat mounted on said hat support, hydraulic means for moving said hat support axially past said tool, and means associated with said hydraulic means and actuated by said hat support for automatically reversing the direction of movement of said-hat support.

30. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable hat support, a tool for operating upon the surface of a hat mounted on said hat support, hydraulic means for moving said hat support axially past, said tool, means associated with said hydraulic means for automatically reversing the direction of movement of said hat support, and means for varying at will the extent of travel of said hat support whereby hat bodies of various depths may be operated upon.

31'. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable hat support, a tool for operating upon the surface of a hat mounted on said support, hydraulic means for moving said tool about said support, hydraulic means for moving said'hat support axially, and means for varying at will the extent of axial movement of said hat support whereby hat bodies of various depths may be operated upon, and means associated with said hydraulic means and actuated by said hat support for automatically reversing the direction of movement of said hat support. 32. In a machine of the character described,

in combination, a rotatable hat support, a tool for operating upon the surface of a hat mounted on said support, hydraulic means for moving said said tool over diiferent portions of said hat andfor effecting a quick return of said tool to a position spaced from the surface of said hat subsequent to the completion of the operation of said tool upon the surface. of said hat.

33. In a machine of the character described,

in combination, a rotatable hat support, a tool on said support, hydraulic means for moving said tool about said hat and upon the surface thereof in a path extending from the apex to the brim of a hat, and feed control means associated with said hydraulic means for varying the feed rate of said tool over different portions of said hat and for effecting a quick return of said tool to a position spaced from the surface of said hat I subsequent to the completion of the operation of said tool upon the surface of said hat, said means including a cam-operated metering valve.

34. In a machine of the character described, in combin'ation,- a'rotatable hat support, a tool adapted to operate upon the surface of a hat mounted on said support, hydraulically operated means including a rack and pinion for moving said tool about said hat, valve means associated with said hydraulic means for varying the feed rate of said tool about said hat, and cam lever means operated by said rack for actuating said feed rate varying means.

35. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable hat support, a tool adapted to operate upon the surface of a hat mounted on said support, hydraulic means for moving said tool about the surface of said hat in a path extending from the apex to the brim thereof and back to the apex, and means includmoving said tool along a path extending between the apex and the brim portion of said hat, said .means including a direction-control valve and a feed-rate-control valve whereby said tool is automatically reversed at the brim end of said path and whereby said tool is fed at varying feed rates along said path.

37. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable hat support, a tool adapted to operate upon the surface of a hat mounted on said support, hydraulic means for moving said tool along a path extending between the apex and the brim portion of said hat, said means including a direction-control valve and a feed-rate control valve whereby said tool is automatically reversed at the brim end of said path and whereby said tool is fed at varying feedrates along said path, and cam means associated'with said hydraulic means for controlling the action of said valves.

38. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable hat support, a tool adapted to operate upon the surface of a hat mounted on said support, means including a clutch for driving said hat support, hydraulic means for moving said tool about said hat, and means for simultaneously instigating' actuation of said hydraulic means and engaging said clutch.

39. In a machine of the character described,

in combination, arotatablehat support, a tool adapted to move about a hat mounted on said I support and operate uponthe surface thereof, said tool being movable from an inoperative position spaced from the brim portion of said hat to an operativeposition in engagement with said hat at the apex thereof, thence over the surface of said hat to the brim portion thereof, and

2,105,180 for operating upon the surface of a hat mounted.

thence back through the same path to said inoperative position, hydraulic means for moving said tool, and means associated with said hydraulic means for moving said tool rapidly from said' inoperative position to its operative position andalso for moving said tool rapidly from its operative position at the apex of the hat to its inoperative position in its return movement.

40. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable hat "support, a tool adapted to move about a. hat mounted on said support and operate upon the surface thereof, said tool being movable from an inoperative position spaced from the brim portion of said hat to an operative position in engagement with said hat at the apex thereof, thence over the surface of said hat to the brim portion thereof, and thence back through the same path to said inoperative position, hydraulic means for moving said tool, and means associated with said hydraulic means for moving said tool rapidly from said inoperative position to its operative position and also for moving said tool rapidly from its operative to its inoperative position in its return movement, said last-mentioned means being also adapted to impart varying feed rates to said tool during its operative travel while in engagement with the surface of'said hat.

41. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable hat support, a tool adapted to operate upon the surface of a hat mounted upon said support, hydraulically actuated means for moving said tool about the surface of said hat, and means associated with said hydraulically actuated means for automatically reversing the direction of movement of said hydraulically actuated means at any predetermined position along its path of movement.

42. In a machine of the character described, in combination, a rotatable hat support, a tool .adapted to operate upon the surface of a hat mounted upon said support, hydraulically actuated means including a rack and pinion for moving said tool about the surface of said hat, and means associated with said rack for automatically reversing the direction of movement of said hydraulically actuaed means, said last-mentioned means includinga hand operablelever for reversing the direction of operation of said bydraulically actuated means -at any point during its forward travel. I

43. In a machine of the character described, in combination, means for .rotatably supporting an oval hat, said means including a hollow shaft having a fixed axis and a spindle disposed within said hollow shaft having a variable axis, a tool for operating on the surface of said hat,hydraulic means for moving said tool about said hat, and

'- crating on the surface of said hat, a collar slidably mounted on said hollow shaft, means secured to said collar and movable therewith to pivot said spindle whereby its axis of rotation is changed, and means responsive to the movement of said tool for shifting said collar to change the axis of said spindle as said tool operates on said hat. V 45. In a machine of the character described, 

